Renato Fabiano Matheus - Ciência e tecnologia

Ciência e tecnologia
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This Week in Science Cage, Book, and Prism \| Water-Assisted Proton Diffusion \| Mechanisms in Methanol Catalysis \| Radioactive Resonance \| Keep Your Distance \| Bring In the Inspectors \| Ultimate Blockade \| Accounting for Lac \| The Hibernating Ribosome \| An Aspirin a Day? \| Suicidal B cells \| Deep Breathing \| Color and Movement \| Distinguishing Epigenetic Marks Editors' Choice Ecology: Different Dialects \| Psychology: Evaluating Rituals \| Cell Biology: Who Hid the Cyclin D2? \| Development: Stressful for the Long Haul \| Microbiology: Attack of the Killer Algae \| Physics: Watching Excitons Condense \| Ocean Science: Where Carbonate Comes From \| Chemistry: Tuning the Mix \| Immunology: Detecting Danger Findings Gamma Ray Bending Opens New Door for Optics [Editorial] Preventing Mass Violence Author: David Hamburg [News of the Week] Around the World In science news around the world this week, a Senate bill would preserve the U.S. helium supply for research, researchers have issued the first-ever international principles governing peer review of grant proposals, the European Parliament rebuked three regulatory agencies, Norway opened the world's largest carbon capture and storage test facility, and a new Twitter feed run by the Shanghai U.S. consulate is charting the city's air quality. [News of the Week] Random Sample An analysis of the DNA sequence from three species of Heliconius butterflies and several subspecies reveals that those with the same color patterns have the same versions of key genes, holdovers from extensive hybridization within the genus. A recent master's degree thesis at European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) in Germany is generating wavesâ€”though not the "time waves" the student was looking for. And this week's numbers quantify deaths of children under 5 caused by preventable infectious diseases, U.S. adults who sleepwalk, and pages in the Encyclopedia of Life. [News of the Week] Newsmakers This week's Newsmaker is Arunava Majumdar, who will leave his post as head of the Department of Energy's Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy on 9 June. [News & Analysis] Biomedicine: A Texas Wrangle Over Cancer Research Funds Last week, Alfred Gilman announced he is stepping down as the chief scientific officer of the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas this fall because he believes CPRIT's leaders are bypassing scientific review. Author: Jocelyn Kaiser [News & Analysis] Neuropathology: Blast Injuries Linked to Neurodegeneration in Veterans A study reported this week in Science Translational Medicine of autopsies of four veterans of recent conflicts has found features of the same neurodegenerative disease reported previously in athletes. Author: Greg Miller [News & Analysis] Aids Research: FDA Panel Recommends Anti-HIV Drug for Prevention On 10 May, the Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration debated whether an anti-HIV drug should receive approval as a preventive for uninfected people. Author: Jon Cohen [News & Analysis] Newsmaker Interview: Stephen Pruitt: Coalition Begins Push for U.S. Schools to Adopt Voluntary Science Standards Stephen Pruitt is trying to coax states to adopt a set of standards for teaching science in their elementary and secondary schools. He offers a tutorial on the new standards in an interview with Science. Author: Jeffrey Mervis [News & Analysis] Public Health: China Takes Aim at Rampant Antibiotic Resistance The Chinese government is leading a crusade to warn its people against the perils of frivolous antibiotic consumption in hopes of warding off calamitous outbreaks of drug-resistant strains. Author: Mara Hvistendahl [News Focus] Archaeology: Near Eastern Archaeology Works to Dig Out of a Crisis In the wake of the Arab Spring, archaeologists in the Near East are locked in a struggle for the survival of their field. Author: Andrew Lawler [News Focus] Infectious Diseases: Can New Chemistry Make a Malaria Drug Plentiful and Cheap? German chemist Peter Seeberger says he has developed a cheaper way to produce a key malaria drug. Now, he's trying to convince the rest of the world. Author: Kai Kupferschmidt [Letter] Forced Retirement Goes Out of Style Author: Roy Williams [Letter] Replication Initiative: Dangerous Logic Author: Olavo B. Amaral [Letter] Replication Initiative: Prioritize Publication Author: Simon Nicholas Williams [Letter] Replication Initiative: Beware Misinterpretation Author: Gregory Francis [Letter] The Motherhood Effect [Correction] Corrections and Clarifications [Book Review] Sociology: Violence Tamed Examining patterns of violence in Europe, Muchembled finds that brutality and homicide have declined from the 13th century to the present and considers explanations for that change. Author: Michael Hechter [Book Review] Sociology: Schooling Violence? Challenging claims that education promotes tolerance and peace, Lange argues that it instead oftenâ€”especially in settings with ethnic divisions, limited resources, and ineffective political institutionsâ€”contributes to violence. Author: Claire L. Adida [Books et al.] Books Received A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 11 May 2012. [Policy Forum] Social Psychology: Parochialism as a Central Challenge in Counterinsurgency Current U.S. practice in Afghanistan may reify social divisions, which undermines institutions critical to postwar stability. Authors: Nicholas Sambanis, Jonah Schulhofer-Wohl, Moses Shayo [Perspective] Cell Biology: An Alternative Route for Nuclear mRNP Export by Membrane Budding Nuclear export of mRNA, previously thought to happen exclusively through nuclear pore complexes, may also occur via a membrane-budding mechanism. Authors: Ben Montpetit, Karsten Weis [Perspective] Chemistry: Active Site of an Industrial Catalyst Surface steps caused by stacking faults or twin boundaries in copper nanoparticles are key to the activity of the methanol synthesis catalyst. Author: Jeffrey P. Greeley [Perspective] Chemistry: NMR Tools for Determining the Structure of Plutonium Materials The ability to observe plutonium-239 magnetic resonance signals should aid in environmental studies and the development of waste-storage materials. Author: Thomas E. Albrecht-Schmitt [Perspective] Physics: Room for Just One Photon Ensembles of cold atoms excited up to Rydberg states can be used to manipulate and control interactions between single photons. Author: Philippe Grangier [Perspective] Cell Biology: Ancient Sensor for Ancient Drug A common drug has an unexpected effect on a metabolic enzyme that stimulates fat utilization. Authors: Reuben J. Shaw, Lewis C. Cantley [Perspective] Chemistry: Pinning Down the Water Hexamer An experimental study resolves a long-standing controversy about isomeric forms of the water hexamer. Authors: Richard J. Saykally, David J. Wales [Perspective] Retrospective: Robert R. Sokal (1926â€“2012) An ecologist and evolutionary biologist brought a quantitative approach to classification through statistics and morphometric analysis. Author: Douglas J. Futuyma [Introduction to Special Issue] Introduction: Human Conflict: Winning the Peace Authors: Guy Riddihough, Gilbert Chin, Elizabeth Culotta, Barbara Jasny, Leslie Roberts, Sacha Vignieri [Special Issue Multimedia] Human Conflict: Additional Online Features Videos, blog postings, discussions, and more. [Special Issue News] Parsing Terrorism Author: Eliot Marshall [Special Issue News] Terrorism's Long Trail [Special Issue News] In Battle: Tribal Roots in South Sudan Author: Eliot Marshall [Special Issue News] Roots of Racism Author: Elizabeth Culotta [Special Issue News] In Battle: Preening the Troops Author: Elizabeth Pennisi [Special Issue News] The Battle Over Violence Author: Andrew Lawler [Special Issue News] In Battle: Tweeting the London Riots Author: John Bohannon [Special Issue News] Civilization's Double-Edged Sword Author: Andrew Lawler [Special Issue News] The Ultimate Sacrifice Author: Ann Gibbons [Special Issue News] In Battle: Fighting Rituals Author: Elizabeth Pennisi [Special Issue News] Gender and Violence Author: Mara Hvistendahl [Special Issue News] In Battle: From War to Peace Author: Elizabeth Pennisi [Special Issue News] Drone Wars Author: Greg Miller [Special Issue Review] Ancestral Hierarchy and Conflict Author: Christopher Boehm [Special Issue Review] The Group Self Author: Naomi Ellemers [Special Issue Perspective] Adapting to a Multicultural Future Authors: Richard J. Crisp, Rose Meleady [Special Issue Perspective] Religious and Sacred Imperatives in Human Conflict Authors: Scott Atran, Jeremy Ginges [Special Issue Review] Ethnicity and Conflict: Theory and Facts Authors: Joan Esteban, Laura Mayoral, Debraj Ray [Special Issue Review] Modeling Armed Conflicts Author: Moshe Kress [Special Issue Perspective] Climate Change and Violent Conflict Authors: JÃ¼rgen Scheffran, Michael Brzoska, Jasmin Kominek, P. Michael Link, Janpeter Schilling [Special Issue Perspective] Are We Winning the War Against Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? Author: Richard J. McNally [Special Issue Perspective] The Antiquity of Empathy Author: Frans B. M. de Waal [Special Issue Perspective] Warriors, Levelers, and the Role of Conflict in Human Social Evolution Author: Samuel Bowles [Special Issue/Review] Life Without War Author: Douglas P. Fry [Brevia] Evolutionary Diversity of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial calcium transporter shows that it was a feature of early eukaryotes. Authors: Alexander G. Bick, Sarah E. Calvo, Vamsi K. Mootha [Report] Strongly Interacting Rydberg Excitations of a Cold Atomic Gas Illumination of an ensemble of cold rubidium atoms ultimately leads to high-level excitation of just a single atom. Authors: Y. O. Dudin, A. Kuzmich [Report] Water-Mediated Proton Hopping on an Iron Oxide Surface The presence of adsorbed water enhances proton diffusion, likely through a hydronium ion transition state. Authors: Lindsay R. Merte, Guowen Peng, Ralf Bechstein, Felix Rieboldt, Carrie A. Farberow, Lars C. Grabow, Wilhelmine Kudernatsch, Stefan Wendt, Erik LÃ¦gsgaard, Manos Mavrikakis, Flemming Besenbacher [Report] The Active Site of Methanol Synthesis over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Industrial Catalysts Catalysis is favored by stepped copper nanoparticles decorated with zinc oxide, which promotes stronger intermediate binding. Authors: Malte Behrens, Felix Studt, Igor Kasatkin, Stefanie KÃ¼hl, Michael HÃ¤vecker, Frank Abild-Pedersen, Stefan Zander, Frank Girgsdies, Patrick Kurr, Benjamin-Louis Kniep, Michael Tovar, Richard W. Fischer, Jens K. NÃ¸rskov, Robert SchlÃ¶gl [Report] Structures of Cage, Prism, and Book Isomers of Water Hexamer from Broadband Rotational Spectroscopy Observing three distinct water clusters in the same experiment resolves long-standing questions about their relative stabilities. Authors: CristÃ³bal PÃ©rez, Matt T. Muckle, Daniel P. Zaleski, Nathan A. Seifert, Berhane Temelso, George C. Shields, Zbigniew Kisiel, Brooks H. Pate [Report] Observation of 239Pu Nuclear Magnetic Resonance The long-sought magnetic resonance signal of the plutonium nucleus has been detected in a sample of solid plutonium dioxide. Authors: H. Yasuoka, G. Koutroulakis, H. Chudo, S. Richmond, D. K. Veirs, A. I. Smith, E. D. Bauer, J. D. Thompson, G. D. Jarvinen, D. L. Clark [Report] Conspecific Negative Density Dependence and Forest Diversity Tree seedlings have a harder time establishing themselves in forests containing many adults of the same species. Authors: Daniel J. Johnson, Wesley T. Beaulieu, James D. Bever, Keith Clay [Report] Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss It may be feasible to achieve employee safety while keeping businesses viable. Authors: David I. Levine, Michael W. Toffel, Matthew S. Johnson [Report] Cost-Benefit Tradeoffs in Engineered lac Operons A close look at a paradigmatic system accounts for the costs due to protein activity versus expression and folding. Authors: Matt Eames, Tanja Kortemme [Report] How Hibernation Factors RMF, HPF, and YfiA Turn Off Protein Synthesis Three crystal structures show why bacteria stop making proteins when they enter the stationary phase. Authors: Yury S. Polikanov, Gregor M. Blaha, Thomas A. Steitz [Report] The Ancient Drug Salicylate Directly Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase A possible molecular mechanism of action for a metabolite of aspirin is described. Authors: Simon A. Hawley, Morgan D. Fullerton, Fiona A. Ross, Jonathan D. Schertzer, Cyrille Chevtzoff, Katherine J. Walker, Mark W. Peggie, Darya Zibrova, Kevin A. Green, Kirsty J. Mustard, Bruce E. Kemp, Kei Sakamoto, Gregory R. Steinberg, D. Grahame Hardie [Report] Aerobic Microbial Respiration in 86-Million-Year-Old Deep-Sea Red Clay Microbes in Pacific sediments grow very, very slowly. Authors: Hans RÃ¸y, Jens Kallmeyer, Rishi Ram Adhikari, Robert Pockalny, Bo Barker JÃ¸rgensen, Steven Dâ€™Hondt [Report] Multiple Spectral Inputs Improve Motion Discrimination in the Drosophila Visual System Fly photoreceptors that detect colors also contribute information to the processing of motion. Authors: Trevor J. Wardill, Olivier List, Xiaofeng Li, Sidhartha Dongre, Marie McCulloch, Chun-Yuan Ting, Cahir J. Oâ€™Kane, Shiming Tang, Chi-Hon Lee, Roger C. Hardie, Mikko Juusola [Report] AID-Driven Deletion Causes Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus Suicide Recombination in B Cells Recombination-induced deletion of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in activated B cells may influence B cell homeostasis. Authors: Sophie PÃ©ron, Brice Laffleur, Nicolas Denis-Lagache, Jeanne Cook-Moreau, AurÃ©lien Tinguely, Laurent Delpy, Yves Denizot, Eric Pinaud, Michel CognÃ© [Report] Quantitative Sequencing of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine at Single-Base Resolution A sequencing method can discriminate epigenetically modified cytosine nucleotides within embryonic stem cell DNA. Authors: Michael J. Booth, Miguel R. Branco, Gabriella Ficz, David Oxley, Felix Krueger, Wolf Reik, Shankar Balasubramanian New Products A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. [Podcast] Science Podcast The show includes a special show exploring human conflict, including strife among our primate ancestors, the biological underpinnings of racism, and the fundamentals of "peace systems."